SD Dojavi
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Herpetolozi su se dugo pitali kako bi kraljevska kobra, koja puzi po masivnim azijskim krajolicima odvojenim naizgled neprobojnim preprekama poput Himalaje, mogla biti jedna vrsta. Zbunila ih je i činjenica da najduža zmija otrovnica na svijetu, koja može doseći i do 5 i pol metara duljine, često ima drugačiji izgled ili ponašanje ovisno o tome gdje živi, piše National Geographic. 

Nova studija sada sugerira da su kraljevske kobre zapravo "kraljevska obitelj" od četiri različite vrste.

Prošlog kolovoza, P. Govri Shankar, biograf i stručnjak za kraljevske kobre u Kaling Foundationu, neprofitnoj organizaciji za zaštitu prirode u Shivamogu (Indija), i njegovi kolege izvijestili su o četiri genetski jedinstvene loze kraljevske kobre. Identificirali su ih po regijama: West Ghats (jugozapadna Indija), Indo-Kineski (Istočna Indija i Kina), Indo-Malezijci (Indonezija i Malezija) i otok Luzon (Filipini). Znanstvena imena zmija tek treba odobriti Međunarodna komisija za zoološku nomenklaturu.

Godine neustrašivog hvatanja zmija u tropskim prašumama, u kombinaciji s novom tehnologijom koja može analizirati muzejske primjerke, konačno su dale dovoljno DNK da znanstvenici mogu ispravno identificirati različite vrste.

Populacija im opada

Kada se uznemiri, kraljevska kobra može se popeti na razinu očiju odrasle osobe i ispustiti dovoljno otrova da ubije slona. Shankar kaže da je jedan od rijetkih koji je preživio ugriz kraljevske kobre, što pripisuje maloj količini otrova koju mu je zmija ubrizgala. Iskustvo ga je također motiviralo da traži bolji tretman za ugrize kraljevske kobre.

- Činjenica da su kobre dovoljno različite da budu četiri različite vrste mogla bi imati posljedice u stvarnom svijetu, kaže on - posebno kada je riječ o proizvodnji učinkovitijih protuotrova koji bi mogli ciljati pojedinačne otrove ovih vrsta.

Štoviše, dodaje Shankar, identifikacija novih vrsta mogla bi potaknuti napore za očuvanje zmija, čija populacija opada zbog krčenja šuma i urbanizacije. Međunarodna unija za očuvanje prirode (IUCN) dala je kraljevskoj kobri status ranjive vrste.

'Netko je to morao dokazati'

- Kada pomno pogledate kraljevske kobre više od 50 godina, možete vidjeti da su različite, rekao je Romulus Whitaker, dugogodišnji stručnjak za zmije i osnivač Chennai Indian Snake Parka, neprofitne organizacije koja educira javnosti o zmijama.

- Netko je jednostavno morao odraditi težak posao i to dokazati, kaže.

Primjerice, znanstvenici su se pitali zašto odrasle kraljevske kobre na Tajlandu i susjednim zemljama imaju više od 70 sivo-bijelih pruga na tijelu, dok one na Filipinima imaju tek nekoliko koje su jedva primjetne.

Postoje i varijacije u gniježđenju. Ženka kobre jedina je zmija koja gradi gnijezda za svoja jaja – što nije mali podvig za životinju bez udova. Svojim tijelom prorjeđuje grančice i stavlja lišće na određeno mjesto.

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King cobra (Ophiophagus hannah)

 

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Herpetolozi su se dugo pitali kako bi kraljevska kobra, koja puzi po masivnim azijskim krajolicima odvojenim naizgled neprobojnim preprekama poput Himalaje, mogla biti jedna vrsta. Zbunila ih je i činjenica da najduža zmija otrovnica na svijetu, koja može doseći i do 5 i pol metara duljine, često ima drugačiji izgled ili ponašanje ovisno o tome gdje živi, piše National Geographic. 

Nova studija sada sugerira da su kraljevske kobre zapravo "kraljevska obitelj" od četiri različite vrste.

Prošlog kolovoza, P. Govri Shankar, biograf i stručnjak za kraljevske kobre u Kaling Foundationu, neprofitnoj organizaciji za zaštitu prirode u Shivamogu (Indija), i njegovi kolege izvijestili su o četiri genetski jedinstvene loze kraljevske kobre. Identificirali su ih po regijama: West Ghats (jugozapadna Indija), Indo-Kineski (Istočna Indija i Kina), Indo-Malezijci (Indonezija i Malezija) i otok Luzon (Filipini). Znanstvena imena zmija tek treba odobriti Međunarodna komisija za zoološku nomenklaturu.

Godine neustrašivog hvatanja zmija u tropskim prašumama, u kombinaciji s novom tehnologijom koja može analizirati muzejske primjerke, konačno su dale dovoljno DNK da znanstvenici mogu ispravno identificirati različite vrste.

Populacija im opada

Kada se uznemiri, kraljevska kobra može se popeti na razinu očiju odrasle osobe i ispustiti dovoljno otrova da ubije slona. Shankar kaže da je jedan od rijetkih koji je preživio ugriz kraljevske kobre, što pripisuje maloj količini otrova koju mu je zmija ubrizgala. Iskustvo ga je također motiviralo da traži bolji tretman za ugrize kraljevske kobre.

- Činjenica da su kobre dovoljno različite da budu četiri različite vrste mogla bi imati posljedice u stvarnom svijetu, kaže on - posebno kada je riječ o proizvodnji učinkovitijih protuotrova koji bi mogli ciljati pojedinačne otrove ovih vrsta.

Štoviše, dodaje Shankar, identifikacija novih vrsta mogla bi potaknuti napore za očuvanje zmija, čija populacija opada zbog krčenja šuma i urbanizacije. Međunarodna unija za očuvanje prirode (IUCN) dala je kraljevskoj kobri status ranjive vrste.

'Netko je to morao dokazati'

- Kada pomno pogledate kraljevske kobre više od 50 godina, možete vidjeti da su različite, rekao je Romulus Whitaker, dugogodišnji stručnjak za zmije i osnivač Chennai Indian Snake Parka, neprofitne organizacije koja educira javnosti o zmijama.

- Netko je jednostavno morao odraditi težak posao i to dokazati, kaže.

Primjerice, znanstvenici su se pitali zašto odrasle kraljevske kobre na Tajlandu i susjednim zemljama imaju više od 70 sivo-bijelih pruga na tijelu, dok one na Filipinima imaju tek nekoliko koje su jedva primjetne.

Postoje i varijacije u gniježđenju. Ženka kobre jedina je zmija koja gradi gnijezda za svoja jaja – što nije mali podvig za životinju bez udova. Svojim tijelom prorjeđuje grančice i stavlja lišće na određeno mjesto.

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Matthijs Kuijpers/Biosphoto/Biosphoto via AFP
Matthijs Kuijpers/Biosphoto/Biosphoto via AFP

King cobra (Ophiophagus hannah)

 
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StoryEditorOCM
Panoramakraljica kobra

Najduža svjetska otrovnica dio je ‘kraljevske obitelji‘: nakon godina istraživanja znanstvenici su otkrili da postoje četiri vrste, a ne jedna kako se dosad mislilo

Piše Mozaik SD
14. ožujka 2022. - 12:22
&lt;p&gt;King cobra (Ophiophagus hannah)&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;
PREMIUM
King cobra (Ophiophagus hannah)  Matthijs Kuijpers/Biosphoto/Biosphoto via AFP

Herpetolozi su se dugo pitali kako bi kraljevska kobra, koja puzi po masivnim azijskim krajolicima odvojenim naizgled neprobojnim preprekama poput Himalaje, mogla biti jedna vrsta. Zbunila ih je i činjenica da najduža zmija otrovnica na svijetu, koja može doseći i do 5 i pol metara duljine, često ima drugačiji izgled ili ponašanje ovisno o tome gdje živi, piše National Geographic. 

Nova studija sada sugerira da su kraljevske kobre zapravo "kraljevska obitelj" od četiri različite vrste.

Prošlog kolovoza, P. Govri Shankar, biograf i stručnjak za kraljevske kobre u Kaling Foundationu, neprofitnoj organizaciji za zaštitu prirode u Shivamogu (Indija), i njegovi kolege izvijestili su o četiri genetski jedinstvene loze kraljevske kobre. Identificirali su ih po regijama: West Ghats (...

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12. svibanj 2024 22:03