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Ako uzmemo u obzir da su još u Rimskom carstvu postojala javna kupatila - terme, sasvim je logično da se u srednjem vijeku osobna higijena podrazumijevala. Ipak, dobro znamo da to nije bio slučaj...

Još od antičkih vremena u mnogim civilizacijama je zabilježen pojam javnog kupatila. Podjednako pravo na njihovo korištenje najčešće su imali svi građani, a funkcija tih objekata povezivala se jednako i s higijenom i s principom hedonizma.

Tijekom IV i V stoljeća, kršćanska crkva propagirala je redovito kupanje, ali ne u javnim kupatilima. Posebno su bile zabranjene one terme u kojima su se u istoj prostoriji kupali muškarci i žene. S vremenom, zabrane su se množile sve do te mjere kada je kršćanima bilo zabranjeno da se kupaju neodjeveni. Crkvene vlasti su na kupanje gledale kao na uživanje u nečistim strastima koje vode u nemoralno i promiskuitetno ponašanje, piše National Geographic.

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Slika Hieronymusa Boscha (1450-1516) sa scenom kupanja
AFP
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U tom razdoblju se vjerovalo da se putem kupanja prenose mnoge bolesti kroz pore na koži. Jedno istraživanje iz 16. stoljeća opisuje kako kupanje zagrijava tijelo, ali slabi organizam i proširuje pore i na taj način stvara rizik od raznih bolesti, pa čak i smrti.

rusi zaprepastili europu 'perverznom higijenom'

Higijena se kod pripadnika nižih klasa u jednom momentu svela na umivanje, ispiranje usta i pranje ruku. Umivanje se jako rijetko prakticiralo, jer je bilo rasprostranjeno vjerovanje da voda u kontaktu s očima slabi vid i prouzrokuje kataraktu. S druge strane, pripradnici viših klasa kupali su se oko pet puta godišnje.

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Par se kupa, temeljeno na drvorezu iz 15. stoljeća.
AFP
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Stanovnici pojedinih dijelova današnje Rusije kupali su se jednom mjesečno, a ostali Europljani su ovu njihovu naviku vidjeli kao neki vid perverznog ponašanja.

Glasovita priča o neugodnom mirisu Luja XIV ima zanimljivu pozadinu. Naime, liječnici su Luja posavjetovali da se što rjeđe kupa kako ne bi ugrozio svoje zdravlje. Prema nekim podacima, Luj XIV. se okupao samo dva puta u cijelome životu. Slično održavanje (ne)higijene prakticirala je i španjolska kraljica Izabela I, koja se okupala samo kada se rodila i na dan kada se udala.

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Dvorjanin pokazuje kralju unutrašnjost bordela. Minijatura iz rukopisa iz 15. stoljeća
AFP
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Tijekom srednjeg vijeka, mnogi pripadnici aristokracije kupanje su zamijenili tapiserijama s primjesom eteričnih ulja ili parfema. Muškarci su nosili vrećice s mirisnim biljem između slojeva odjeće, dok su žene neugodan miris kamuflirale mirisnim puderima.

Sve do polovice 19. stoljeća u Europi je vladala apsolutna nehigijena, pa ako se podsjetimo glasovite izreke da se povijest uvijek ponavlja, u 19. vijeku higijena je postala svakodnevni imperativ kao što je to bila i u antičkim vremenima, piše National Geographic.

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'Vrt zemaljskih užitaka' Hieronymusa Boscha, iz madridskoga Prada
AFP
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Detalj. Tapiserija od vune i svile izrađena oko 1520. u Nizozemskoj [popup_gallery] => Array ( [0] => stdClass Object ( [src] => https://static.slobodnadalmacija.hr/images/slike/2021/11/24/20114270.jpg [title] => Zavjesa Gospodnjeg života: kupelj. Detalj. 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Ako uzmemo u obzir da su još u Rimskom carstvu postojala javna kupatila - terme, sasvim je logično da se u srednjem vijeku osobna higijena podrazumijevala. Ipak, dobro znamo da to nije bio slučaj...

Još od antičkih vremena u mnogim civilizacijama je zabilježen pojam javnog kupatila. Podjednako pravo na njihovo korištenje najčešće su imali svi građani, a funkcija tih objekata povezivala se jednako i s higijenom i s principom hedonizma.

Tijekom IV i V stoljeća, kršćanska crkva propagirala je redovito kupanje, ali ne u javnim kupatilima. Posebno su bile zabranjene one terme u kojima su se u istoj prostoriji kupali muškarci i žene. S vremenom, zabrane su se množile sve do te mjere kada je kršćanima bilo zabranjeno da se kupaju neodjeveni. Crkvene vlasti su na kupanje gledale kao na uživanje u nečistim strastima koje vode u nemoralno i promiskuitetno ponašanje, piše National Geographic.

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image
Slika Hieronymusa Boscha (1450-1516) sa scenom kupanja
AFP
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U tom razdoblju se vjerovalo da se putem kupanja prenose mnoge bolesti kroz pore na koži. Jedno istraživanje iz 16. stoljeća opisuje kako kupanje zagrijava tijelo, ali slabi organizam i proširuje pore i na taj način stvara rizik od raznih bolesti, pa čak i smrti.

rusi zaprepastili europu 'perverznom higijenom'

Higijena se kod pripadnika nižih klasa u jednom momentu svela na umivanje, ispiranje usta i pranje ruku. Umivanje se jako rijetko prakticiralo, jer je bilo rasprostranjeno vjerovanje da voda u kontaktu s očima slabi vid i prouzrokuje kataraktu. S druge strane, pripradnici viših klasa kupali su se oko pet puta godišnje.

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image
Par se kupa, temeljeno na drvorezu iz 15. stoljeća.
AFP
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Stanovnici pojedinih dijelova današnje Rusije kupali su se jednom mjesečno, a ostali Europljani su ovu njihovu naviku vidjeli kao neki vid perverznog ponašanja.

Glasovita priča o neugodnom mirisu Luja XIV ima zanimljivu pozadinu. Naime, liječnici su Luja posavjetovali da se što rjeđe kupa kako ne bi ugrozio svoje zdravlje. Prema nekim podacima, Luj XIV. se okupao samo dva puta u cijelome životu. Slično održavanje (ne)higijene prakticirala je i španjolska kraljica Izabela I, koja se okupala samo kada se rodila i na dan kada se udala.

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image
Dvorjanin pokazuje kralju unutrašnjost bordela. Minijatura iz rukopisa iz 15. stoljeća
AFP
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Tijekom srednjeg vijeka, mnogi pripadnici aristokracije kupanje su zamijenili tapiserijama s primjesom eteričnih ulja ili parfema. Muškarci su nosili vrećice s mirisnim biljem između slojeva odjeće, dok su žene neugodan miris kamuflirale mirisnim puderima.

Sve do polovice 19. stoljeća u Europi je vladala apsolutna nehigijena, pa ako se podsjetimo glasovite izreke da se povijest uvijek ponavlja, u 19. vijeku higijena je postala svakodnevni imperativ kao što je to bila i u antičkim vremenima, piše National Geographic.

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image
'Vrt zemaljskih užitaka' Hieronymusa Boscha, iz madridskoga Prada
AFP
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AFP AFP AFP AFP AFP AFP AFP
AFP
Zavjesa Gospodnjeg života: kupelj. Detalj. Tapiserija od vune i svile izrađena oko 1520. u Nizozemskoj
AFP
Luj XIV, Kralj Sunce, glasovit je po svome nekupanju koje su mu preporučili liječnici
AFP
Slika Hieronymusa Boscha (1450-1516) sa scenom kupanja
AFP
Ugravirana scena kupanja iz Francuske, 15. stoljeće
AFP
Par se kupa, temeljeno na drvorezu iz 15. stoljeća.
AFP
Dvorjanin pokazuje kralju unutrašnjost bordela. Minijatura iz rukopisa iz 15. stoljeća
AFP
'Vrt zemaljskih užitaka' Hieronymusa Boscha, iz madridskoga Prada
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StoryEditorOCM
Životsmrdljivo razdoblje

Europljani su se u srednjem vijeku kupali iznimno rijetko. Za prekid s tradicijom antičkih kupatila savjetovale su ih medicina i Crkva

Piše PSD
24. studenog 2021. - 15:43
Zavjesa Gospodnjeg života: kupelj. Detalj. Tapiserija od vune i svile izrađena oko 1520. u Nizozemskoj
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Zavjesa Gospodnjeg života: kupelj. Detalj. Tapiserija od vune i svile izrađena oko 1520. u NizozemskojAFP

Ako uzmemo u obzir da su još u Rimskom carstvu postojala javna kupatila - terme, sasvim je logično da se u srednjem vijeku osobna higijena podrazumijevala. Ipak, dobro znamo da to nije bio slučaj...

Još od antičkih vremena u mnogim civilizacijama je zabilježen pojam javnog kupatila. Podjednako pravo na njihovo korištenje najčešće su imali svi građani, a funkcija tih objekata povezivala se jednako i s higijenom i s principom hedonizma.

Tijekom IV i V stoljeća, kršćanska crkva propagirala je redovito kupanje, ali ne u javnim kupatilima. Posebno su bile zabranjene one terme u kojima su se u istoj prostoriji kupali muškarci i žene. S vremenom, zabrane su se množile sve do te mjere kada je kršćanima bilo zabranjeno da se kupaju neodjeveni. Crkvene vlasti su na kupanje gledal...

#SREDNJI VIJEK#KUPANJE#HIGIJENA#JAVNA KUPATILA#LUJ XIV#CRKVA#MEDICINA
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13. svibanj 2024 14:23