U južnoameričkoj prašumi, prije 60 milijuna godina, živjela je najveća zmija u povijesti - titanoboa, koja je mogla narasti preko 15 metara, težila je barem tonu, a na najdebljem dijelu tijela bila je široka više od metra.
Protiv ovog predatora malo je životinja imalo šanse.
-Titanoboa (Titanoboa cerrejonensis) se savršeno uklapala u vlažnu prašumu: njena smeđa koža se stapala sa okolinom dok je uhodila svoj plijen, piše National Geographic.
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Živjela je otprilike pet milijuna godina nakon izumiranja dinosaura. Nestanak gigantskih životinja ostavilo je prazninu na vrhu prehrambenog lanca pa se titanoboa na njemu ugodno smjestila. Vjeruje se da je čak deset milijuna godina bila najveći predator na zemlji.
Neki znanstvenici drže da je ubijala tako što je stezala i gušila svoj plijen, dok drugi tvrde da se, iako je izgledala kao kraljevska boa (zbog te sličnosti je i dobila ime), ponašala kao anakonda, odnosno da je vrebala u plićaku i svojoj žrtvi zadavala smrtonosni udarac.
Munjevito bi ga udarila i jednim brzim pokretom mu slomila vrat, a potom bi ga cijelog progutala.
Otkriće ovog gmaza relativno je novo - za titanobou se zna tek od 2002. godine.
Tada je je jedan student otkrio fosilizirani list prilikom posjeta rudniku ugljena u Cerrejón u Kolumbiji.
Nalaz je sugerirao da je na području rudnika nekada bila prašuma, a naknadna istraživanja otkrila su da je fosil pripadao eri paleocena.
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Za vrijeme iskopavanja otkriveni su izuzetni primjerci gigantskih kornjača i krokodila, kao i neke od prvih banana, avokada i graha.
Otkriven i jedan masivni kralješak koji je bio prevelik da bi pripadao bilo kojoj do tada poznatoj zmiji. Počela je potraga za drugim mogućim ostacima. Pretpostavljalo se da bi se moglo pronaći još kralješaka, ali, znanstvenici su priželjkivali glavu gmaza, premda nije bilo mnogo vjerojatnosti da će je i naći.
Samo je lubanja mogla pokazati za što je golema zmija zaista bila sposobna - a fosilizirane lubanje zmija jako je teško pronaći.
Problem je u tome što su zmijske čeljusti moćne zahvaljujući mišićima, a ne kostima. Lubanja im je izuzetno krhka i obično se raspadne prije nego što se sediment nakupi preko nje.
Ali, ipak su imali veliku sreću. Tijekom idućih godina tim je otkrio ostatke 28 golemih zmija i čak tri fragmenta lubanje. To im je omogućilo da naprave repliku zastrašujuće zmije.
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Kako bi dočarali drevnog gmaza, znanstvenici su 2012. godine postavili izložbu na stanici Grand Central u New Yorku. Maketa je bila u obliku goleme zmije koja guta životinju sličnu današnjem krokodilu.
Reklamna kampanja privukla je pažnju, a bila je dio marketinga pred posebnu emisiju na Smithsonian Channelu o ovom spektakularnom otkriću.
Zbog čega je titanoboa bila tolika?
Znanstvenici o tome imaju nekoliko teorija. Svakako, njene su dimenzije rezultat tople klime u kojoj je živjela. Procjenjuje se da je prosječna temperatura u njenom staništu bila do 35 stupnjeva Celzija.
Međutim, danas na sličnim područjima sa sličnom temperaturom nema tolikih životinja.
Ona je rasla, čini se, jer je naprosto imala za to uvjeta i prostora - mnogo hrane i topline, a manjak prirodnih neprijatelja. Gutala je i vodene i kopnene životinje.
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Zmije su ektotermne životinje, a njihova tjelesna temperatura ovisi o okolini. Ako je vani hladnije, smanjuju aktivnosti a s vremenom i tjelesne dimenzije.
Ali, kada je njihov okoliš stalno topao, metabolizam im radi s maksimalnom efikasnošću - omogućavajući da tu dodatnu energiju posvete rastu.
Do otkrića titanoboe, najveći fosil zmije ikada pronađen bio je dug 10 metara. To je bio Gigantophis, zmija koja je živjela prije 20 milijuna godina u Africi.
Najveća vrsta zmija danas je gigantska anakonda koja može narasti 4,5 metra u dužinu - što je manje od trećine dužine nekadašnje titanoboe.
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To je najveća zmija koja je ikad živjela na zemlji, žrtvi je zadavala smrtonosni udarac, gutala je kopnene životinje, a težila je tonu! [num_of_authors] => 0 [author] => Joomla\CMS\User\User Object ( [isRoot:protected] => [id] => 3140 [name] => Jasmina Parić [username] => jasmina-pari [email] => jasmina-pari@sd.hr [password] => $2y$10$1L008t4mPN7O0CtaqZQnReoRohc3bl25o/s9Zwi5FMl5bzIbeqIQS [password_clear] => [block] => 0 [sendEmail] => 0 [registerDate] => 0000-00-00 00:00:00 [lastvisitDate] => 0000-00-00 00:00:00 [activation] => [params] => [groups] => Array ( [2] => 2 ) [guest] => 0 [lastResetTime] => 0000-00-00 00:00:00 [resetCount] => 0 [requireReset] => 0 [_params:protected] => Joomla\Registry\Registry Object ( [data:protected] => stdClass Object ( ) [initialized:protected] => [separator] => . ) [_authGroups:protected] => [_authLevels:protected] => [_authActions:protected] => [_errorMsg:protected] => [userHelper:protected] => Joomla\CMS\User\UserWrapper Object ( ) [_errors:protected] => Array ( ) [otpKey] => [otep] => [link] => /autor/jasmina-paric-3140 [profile] => stdClass Object ( [id] => 1658 [gender] => m [description] => [image] => [url] => [group] => 1 [plugins] => ) [avatar] => https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3fe4790be360d956058d3295e5cd3dae?s=100&default=https%3A%2F%2Fslobodnadalmacija.hr%2Fcomponents%2Fcom_ocm%2Fimages%2Fplaceholder%2Fuser.png ) [numOfComments] => 0 [mainImage] => https://static.slobodnadalmacija.hr/images/slike/2022/08/28/23221238.jpg [galleryCount] => 5 [hasImage] => 1 [mainImageAuthor] => /Shutterstock [mainImageDesc] => [popup_gallery] => Array ( [0] => stdClass Object ( [src] => https://static.slobodnadalmacija.hr/images/slike/2022/08/28/23221238.jpg [title] => /Shutterstock ) [1] => stdClass Object ( [src] => https://static.slobodnadalmacija.hr/images/slike/2022/08/28/23221240.jpg [title] => /Shutterstock ) [2] => stdClass Object ( [src] => https://static.slobodnadalmacija.hr/images/slike/2022/08/28/23221242.jpg [title] => /Shutterstock ) [3] => stdClass Object ( [src] => https://static.slobodnadalmacija.hr/images/slike/2022/08/28/23221244.jpg [title] => /Shutterstock ) [4] => stdClass Object ( [src] => https://static.slobodnadalmacija.hr/images/slike/2022/08/28/23221246.jpg [title] => /Shutterstock ) ) [bgPosition] => [text] => {OCMSplitter}U južnoameričkoj prašumi, prije 60 milijuna godina, živjela je najveća zmija u povijesti - titanoboa, koja je mogla narasti preko 15 metara, težila je barem tonu, a na najdebljem dijelu tijela bila je široka više od metra.
Protiv ovog predatora malo je životinja imalo šanse.
-Titanoboa (Titanoboa cerrejonensis) se savršeno uklapala u vlažnu prašumu: njena smeđa koža se stapala sa okolinom dok je uhodila svoj plijen, piše National Geographic.
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Živjela je otprilike pet milijuna godina nakon izumiranja dinosaura. Nestanak gigantskih životinja ostavilo je prazninu na vrhu prehrambenog lanca pa se titanoboa na njemu ugodno smjestila. Vjeruje se da je čak deset milijuna godina bila najveći predator na zemlji.
Neki znanstvenici drže da je ubijala tako što je stezala i gušila svoj plijen, dok drugi tvrde da se, iako je izgledala kao kraljevska boa (zbog te sličnosti je i dobila ime), ponašala kao anakonda, odnosno da je vrebala u plićaku i svojoj žrtvi zadavala smrtonosni udarac.
Munjevito bi ga udarila i jednim brzim pokretom mu slomila vrat, a potom bi ga cijelog progutala.
Otkriće ovog gmaza relativno je novo - za titanobou se zna tek od 2002. godine.
Tada je je jedan student otkrio fosilizirani list prilikom posjeta rudniku ugljena u Cerrejón u Kolumbiji.
Nalaz je sugerirao da je na području rudnika nekada bila prašuma, a naknadna istraživanja otkrila su da je fosil pripadao eri paleocena.
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Za vrijeme iskopavanja otkriveni su izuzetni primjerci gigantskih kornjača i krokodila, kao i neke od prvih banana, avokada i graha.
Otkriven i jedan masivni kralješak koji je bio prevelik da bi pripadao bilo kojoj do tada poznatoj zmiji. Počela je potraga za drugim mogućim ostacima. Pretpostavljalo se da bi se moglo pronaći još kralješaka, ali, znanstvenici su priželjkivali glavu gmaza, premda nije bilo mnogo vjerojatnosti da će je i naći.
Samo je lubanja mogla pokazati za što je golema zmija zaista bila sposobna - a fosilizirane lubanje zmija jako je teško pronaći.
Problem je u tome što su zmijske čeljusti moćne zahvaljujući mišićima, a ne kostima. Lubanja im je izuzetno krhka i obično se raspadne prije nego što se sediment nakupi preko nje.
Ali, ipak su imali veliku sreću. Tijekom idućih godina tim je otkrio ostatke 28 golemih zmija i čak tri fragmenta lubanje. To im je omogućilo da naprave repliku zastrašujuće zmije.
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Kako bi dočarali drevnog gmaza, znanstvenici su 2012. godine postavili izložbu na stanici Grand Central u New Yorku. Maketa je bila u obliku goleme zmije koja guta životinju sličnu današnjem krokodilu.
Reklamna kampanja privukla je pažnju, a bila je dio marketinga pred posebnu emisiju na Smithsonian Channelu o ovom spektakularnom otkriću.
Zbog čega je titanoboa bila tolika?
Znanstvenici o tome imaju nekoliko teorija. Svakako, njene su dimenzije rezultat tople klime u kojoj je živjela. Procjenjuje se da je prosječna temperatura u njenom staništu bila do 35 stupnjeva Celzija.
Međutim, danas na sličnim područjima sa sličnom temperaturom nema tolikih životinja.
Ona je rasla, čini se, jer je naprosto imala za to uvjeta i prostora - mnogo hrane i topline, a manjak prirodnih neprijatelja. Gutala je i vodene i kopnene životinje.
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Zmije su ektotermne životinje, a njihova tjelesna temperatura ovisi o okolini. Ako je vani hladnije, smanjuju aktivnosti a s vremenom i tjelesne dimenzije.
Ali, kada je njihov okoliš stalno topao, metabolizam im radi s maksimalnom efikasnošću - omogućavajući da tu dodatnu energiju posvete rastu.
Do otkrića titanoboe, najveći fosil zmije ikada pronađen bio je dug 10 metara. To je bio Gigantophis, zmija koja je živjela prije 20 milijuna godina u Africi.
Najveća vrsta zmija danas je gigantska anakonda koja može narasti 4,5 metra u dužinu - što je manje od trećine dužine nekadašnje titanoboe.
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U južnoameričkoj prašumi, prije 60 milijuna godina, živjela je najveća zmija u povijesti - titanoboa, koja je mogla narasti preko 15 metara, težila je barem tonu, a na najdebljem dijelu tijela bila je široka više od metra.
Protiv ovog predatora malo je životinja imalo šanse.
-Titanoboa (Titanoboa cerrejonensis) se savršeno uklapala u vlažnu prašumu: njena smeđa koža se stapala sa okolinom dok je uhodila svoj plijen, piše National Geographic.
Živjela je otprilike pet milijuna godina nakon izumiranja dinosaura. Nestanak gigantskih životinja ostavilo je prazninu na vrhu prehrambenog lanca pa se titanoboa na njemu ugodno smjestila. Vjeruje se da je čak deset milijuna godina bila najveći predator na zemlji.
Neki znanstvenici drže da je ubijala tak...
